Guru Arjan (15 April 1563 - 30 May 1606) was the first of the two Gurus martyred in Sikhism and the fifth of the ten total Sikh Gurus. He compiled the first official edition of the Sikh Granth, called the Adi Granth, which later expanded into the Guru Granth Sahib. He was born in Goindwal, Punjab, the youngest son of Bhai Jetha, who later became Mata Bhani, daughter of Guru Ram Das and Guru Amar Das. He completed the construction of Darbar Sahib in Amritsar, the fourth Sikh Guru established the city and built a pool. Guru Arjan compiled the hymns of Adi Guru and other saints, the first edition of the Sikh scripture, and established it in Harimandir Sahib. 

Guru Arjan reorganized the Masood system initiated by Guru Ram Das, suggesting that Sikhs donate, if possible, a tenth of their income, goods, or services to the Sikh organization (Dasavand). Masand not only collected these funds but also taught the principles of Sikhism and settled civil disputes in his region. Daswand financed the building of gurudwaras and langars (shared communal kitchens).

Guru Arjan was arrested under the orders of Mughal emperor Jahangir and asked to convert. He refused, was tortured and killed in 1606 CE. Historical records and Sikh tradition are not clear whether Guru Arjan was drowned and killed during the torture. His martyrdom is considered a watershed event in the history of Sikhism. It is remembered as the martyrdom day of Guru Arjan in May or June according to the Nanakshahi calendar released by the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee in 2003.

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