New Delhi: India has become the President of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) on August 1. India will chair the Security Council for the entire month of August. India has made it clear that it will give priority to maritime security, peace process, and fight against terrorism in the role of president of UNSC. The timing of India's chairmanship of the UNSC is considered crucial. In fact, American troops are returning again from Afghanistan. The Taliban, the terror group, is increasing its strength there. The 2 years of removal of Section 370 in Kashmir are coming to an end on 5th August. India will also celebrate its 75th Independence Day this month. The entire world is watching India's chairmanship in the Security Council.

What is the history of the UNSC?

After the Second World War, the United Nations (UN) was established with the objective of promoting peace, security, and friendly relations between the countries. The United Nations has 6 major organs, of which UNSC is also a part. Its main function is to ensure peace and security all over the world. The first meeting of the UNSC was held on 17th January 1946. There were 11 members in the Security Council at the time of formation. In 1965, the number was increased to 15. Out of the total 15 Member States of the Security Council, 5 are permanent and 10 are temporary. The permanent members include the US, UK, France, Russia, and China. If any of the permanent members disagree with a decision, it can use veto power to prevent that decision from being passed. In addition to these 5 permanent countries, 10 temporary countries are also included in the UNSC for 2 years. These are selected on a regional basis. Five of these 10 temporary seats are provided for Africa and Asian countries, one to Eastern European countries, two Latin American and Caribbean countries, and two to Western European and other countries. A country is made a member-only when two-thirds of the countries vote in favour of that country. India has become a temporary member of the UNSC for the 8th time in January. India got 184 out of 192 votes in the voting held in June last year. India will remain a member of the Security Council till 31st December 2022. Tell you that the chairmanship of the UNSC varies every month. In the chronological order of English words, the Member State gets the chairmanship per month. It was headed by France in July before India. Ireland will be given the responsibility in September. India will be the President of the UNSC 2 times in its 2-year tenure.

What is the problem before India?

In fact, India has been trying to be a permanent member of the UNSC for a long time, but China is the biggest hurdle in India's path. Apart from China, France, the USA, Russia, and the UK have agreed to make India a permanent member of the UNSC, but China has been opposing India's permanent membership on different pretexts. At the same time, there have been several demands for changes in the structure of the UNSC. It is argued that developing countries are underrepresented in UNSC, but permanent members do not want any change and another country gets veto power. Apart from India, Japan, Germany, and Brazil are also trying to become permanent members of the Security Council.

Will India get permanent membership after becoming UNSC President?

According to Dr. Sudhir Suthar, professor at the Centre for Political Studies, JNU, India's leadership of the Security Council is an administrative matter. There is no diplomatic strategy. At the same time, the agenda of each meeting is already decided. So you are unlikely to do too much new. The demand for expansion of the Security Council in UN member states has been rising for decades, but no change is likely unless the five permanent members agree.

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