New Delhi: Sun, Moon, Venus and Earth are among the targets of many missions planned by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO).

The space agency successfully launched 385 foreign satellites for 34 different countries by October 2022, including the United States, Germany, Canada and Sweden. Let's take a look at future missions, some of which will fly in 2023.

The first observatory-class solar space mission, named Aditya-L1, was built in collaboration with several Indian research institutes. The first Lagrange point of the Sun-Earth system would be the location of the 1,500 kg satellite.

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Seven payloads will be onboard, using particle and electromagnetic detectors to study the Sun's photosphere, chromosphere and outermost layers. It is expected to start in March 2023.

Chandrayaan-3's safe landing and orbiting capabilities will be demonstrated close to the Moon's south pole. It is the successor to Chandrayaan-2, but lacks an orbiter and carries several design and engineering improvements.

The seismometer and heat flow experiment will be carried by the lander, while the spectrometer will be carried by the rover. The launch of the lunar mission is scheduled for August 2023.

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XPoSat (X-ray Polarimeter Satellite) will launch in 2023 and is the first mission specifically designed to use polarimetry to study the dynamics of bright astronomical X-ray sources under harsh conditions.

The spacecraft carries two scientific payloads. By measuring variables such as the angle of polarization it is possible to gain a better understanding of emission from cosmic objects such as nebulae, black holes and active galactic nuclei.

Venus orbiter Shukrayan-1 will be the first to carry a subsurface radar. It will look at things like the planet's composition and surface.

The launch is estimated for December 2024. Mangalyaan-2, also known as Mars Orbiter Mission 2 (MOM 2), is the second interplanetary mission aimed at exploring the Red Planet, following the launch of Chandrayaan-3.

Gaganyaan-3 is the first manned mission of ISRO (HAL), in collaboration with the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited.

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The two upcoming missions, Gaganyaan-1 and Gaganyaan-2, will be unmanned test flights before the three astronauts embark on the Gaganyaan-3 mission. The spacecraft will spend three days in low-Earth orbit before returning to Earth and splashing down.

NISAR is a joint Earth observation mission between NASA and ISRO. By tracking Earth's various processes, it will shed light on how the environment is changing globally and aid in better management of natural resources and risks. To measure "changes in our planet's surface of less than a centimeter", it will be the first satellite mission to map Earth using two different radar frequencies.