On September 9th, India remembers the birthday anniversary of Sarala Devi Chaudhurani, a remarkable figure in Indian history who made significant contributions to women's education and empowerment during the early 20th century. Born as Sarala Ghosal on September 9, 1872, in Jorasanko, Kolkata, she came from a distinguished Bengali intellectual family, deeply rooted in the cultural and political fabric of India.

Early Life and Education

Sarala's family background was a source of inspiration and intellectual stimulation. Her father, Janakinath Ghosal, was a prominent figure in the Bengal Congress, and her mother, Swarnakumari Devi, was not only a noted author but also the daughter of the eminent Brahmo leader Debendranath Tagore, making Sarala the niece of the renowned poet Rabindranath Tagore.

In 1890, Sarala graduated with a BA in English literature from Bethune College, where she received the institution's first Padmavati Gold Medal, recognizing her as the top female candidate in her BA examinations. Her academic achievements were a testament to her determination and intelligence, setting the stage for her future endeavors.

A Freedom Fighter and Trailblazing Educationist

Sarala Devi Chaudhurani was not content with merely pursuing academic excellence; she was a visionary who recognized the importance of women's education in the context of India's struggle for independence. She actively participated in the Indian independence movement and played a crucial role in spreading the message of nationalism, especially in Punjab, during the anti-partition agitation.

Her commitment to women's empowerment and education led her to found the Bharat Stree Mahamandal (All India Women's Organization) in 1910. This historic organization, considered the first national-level women's organization in India, aimed to uplift women's status across the nation. To achieve this, it opened multiple branches in various cities, including Lahore, Allahabad, Delhi, Karachi, Amritsar, and more. The organization's primary mission was to promote female education and vocational training, transcending the barriers of class, caste, and religion.

Personal Life and Association with Mahatma Gandhi

In 1905, Sarala Devi married Rambhuj Dutt Chaudhary, a lawyer, journalist, nationalist leader, and follower of the Arya Samaj, a Hindu reform movement founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati. This union led her to move to Punjab, where she actively supported her husband's work, including editing the nationalist Urdu weekly Hindusthan.

During this time, her path crossed with Mahatma Gandhi, who visited her home in Lahore as a guest. Gandhi found inspiration in Sarala's poems and writings, frequently quoting them in his speeches and publications. Their relationship was marked by mutual admiration and respect, and they exchanged numerous letters even when they were apart.

Later Life and Legacy

After the passing of her husband in 1923, Sarala Devi Chaudhurani returned to Kolkata, where she resumed her editorial responsibilities for Bharati from 1924 to 1926. She further solidified her commitment to education by establishing Siksha Sadan, a girls' school in Kolkata, in 1930. However, she retired from public life in 1935.

In her later years, Sarala Devi Chaudhurani turned towards spirituality, embracing Bijoy Krishna Chattopadhyaya as her spiritual teacher. She recorded his sermons in volumes titled 'Veda Vani,' showcasing her dedication to both intellectual and spiritual pursuits.

Sarala Devi Chaudhurani passed away on August 18, 1945, in Kolkata, leaving behind a lasting legacy of women's education and empowerment in India. Her pioneering efforts, dedication to the cause of women, and her association with key figures like Mahatma Gandhi continue to inspire generations of Indians to this day.

As we commemorate her birthday anniversary on September 9th, let us remember and celebrate the life and contributions of Sarala Devi Chaudhurani, a true champion of women's rights and education in India's history. Her tireless efforts have left an indelible mark on the path towards gender equality and empowerment.

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