The existence of the White-Cheeked Macaque (Macaca leucogenys) in central Arunachal Pradesh was discovered by scientists, marking a new addition to India's mammals. The species was discovered in 2015 by a group of Chinese scientists in the Modog district of southern Tibet. In the case of primates, the discovery was seen as a significant advance.

White-Cheeked Macaques are distinguished from other macaques by their white cheeks, long and dense neck hairs, and longer tail.
During DNA analysis, scientists from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) discovered the existence of White-Cheeked Macaques while collecting a few faecal samples in central Arunachal Pradesh.

They were looking for red pandas and Arunachal Macaques in Arunachal Pradesh. After that, the scientists gathered a variety of evidence, established transects, and set up a few camera traps. The presence of the species was confirmed through DNA analysis from various sources.

"We have a White-Cheeked Macaque report from West Siang, which is around 197 kilometres from China. Unfortunately, the White Cheeked Macaque has yet to be included in India's Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, and as a result, "the current study laid the foundation to promote field studies in Central Arunachal Pradesh to delineate distribution boundary and population size of White Cheeked Macaque in Arunachal Pradesh," according to a paper written by nine ZSI scientists.

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