On September 22, 1986, a pivotal moment in India's history occurred when the National Security Guard (NSG) was formed. This elite force, often referred to as the "Black Cats," was established to combat terrorism and safeguard the nation's security. Drawing inspiration from renowned international counter-terrorism units such as Germany's GSG-9 and the United Kingdom's SAS, the NSG has since become an integral part of India's defense apparatus. This article delves into the history, functions, and operations of the National Security Guard.

History of the National Security Guard

The origins of the National Security Guard can be traced back to a dark chapter in India's history - Operation Blue Star in 1984. Operation Blue Star was a military operation ordered by the Indian government to remove Sikh militants who had taken refuge inside the Golden Temple in Amritsar. The operation resulted in significant casualties and widespread criticism. It became evident that India needed a specialized force capable of handling similar crises with precision and expertise.

In the aftermath of Operation Blue Star, the need for a highly trained and well-equipped counter-terrorism force became apparent. The Indian government decided to create a dedicated unit, drawing inspiration from successful international counterparts. The GSG-9 of Germany, known for its expertise in counter-terrorism operations, and the Special Air Service (SAS) of the United Kingdom, renowned for their elite commando skills, served as models for the NSG's formation.

Formation and Structure

The National Security Guard was officially established on September 22, 1986, under the National Security Guard Act. It was envisioned as a specialized force equipped to handle terrorist incidents, hostage rescues, and other high-risk situations. The NSG operates under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, and its headquarters are located in Manesar, Haryana.

The NSG is composed of two operational units:

Special Action Group (SAG): The SAG is the primary striking force of the NSG. It consists of highly trained commandos who specialize in counter-terrorism operations. These commandos are often the first responders to hostage situations, hijackings, and terrorist attacks. They are trained to operate in all types of environments, from urban to rural, and are equipped with state-of-the-art weaponry and equipment.

Special Rangers Group (SRG): The SRG is a support unit that assists the SAG during operations. It includes personnel from various Central Armed Police Forces, the Indian Army, and State Police Forces. The SRG provides logistical support, perimeter security, and crowd control during NSG operations.

Functions and Operations

The NSG is often described as a "Zero Error Force," reflecting its commitment to precision and efficiency in counter-terrorism operations. The primary functions of the NSG are:

Counter-terrorism: The NSG's core mission is to combat and neutralize terrorist threats anywhere in India. Whether it's responding to a terrorist attack in a crowded city or rescuing hostages from a hijacked plane, the NSG is prepared to handle the most challenging situations.

Hostage Rescue: The NSG specializes in hostage rescue operations. Their training and equipment are tailored to rapidly and safely resolve hostage situations, minimizing harm to innocent lives.

Counter-hijacking: In the event of an aircraft hijacking, the NSG is trained to respond swiftly and decisively. They are equipped to secure the aircraft, neutralize hijackers, and ensure the safety of passengers and crew.

VIP Security: The NSG is responsible for providing high-level security to VIPs, including the President, Prime Minister, and foreign dignitaries during their visits to India. Their expertise ensures the safety of these important individuals.

Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD): The NSG possesses advanced EOD capabilities, enabling them to safely defuse or dispose of explosive devices. This skill is vital in securing areas after a terrorist attack or during a hostage rescue operation.

Notable Operations

Over the years, the National Security Guard has been involved in several high-profile operations that have showcased their effectiveness and professionalism. Some notable operations include:

Operation Black Tornado (2008): One of the most well-known NSG operations, this involved the response to the Mumbai terror attacks in November 2008. NSG commandos played a crucial role in neutralizing the terrorists and rescuing hostages during the multi-day siege.

Operation Ashwamedh (2002): This operation was conducted to secure the Akshardham Temple in Gandhinagar, Gujarat, after it was attacked by terrorists. The NSG successfully neutralized the terrorists and ensured the safety of the temple and its visitors.

Operation Cyclone (2009): The NSG was called in to handle a hostage situation in a school in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. They managed to rescue all the hostages, demonstrating their expertise in hostage rescue operations.

Operation Black Thunder (1988-1989): This operation was carried out to flush out terrorists who had taken refuge in the Golden Temple once again. The NSG played a vital role in the operation, which aimed to restore order and security to the holiest Sikh shrine.

The National Security Guard, established in the wake of Operation Blue Star, has evolved into a world-class counter-terrorism force. Drawing inspiration from elite international units, the NSG has developed the expertise, training, and capabilities needed to respond to a wide range of security threats. Their commitment to precision and zero-error operations has earned them a reputation as one of India's most formidable assets in the fight against terrorism. The NSG continues to play a crucial role in safeguarding the nation's security and maintaining peace and stability.

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