In 1947, the Indian Rupee was pegged to the British Pound at a rate of 1 Pound = 13.33 Rupees. After gaining independence, India continued to follow this fixed exchange rate system until 1966.

Year-wise fluctuations of the Indian Rupee against the US Dollar from 1947 to 2014 are as follows: 

1947: After gaining independence from British rule, the Indian Rupee was pegged to the British Pound at a rate of 1 Pound = 13.33 Rupees.

1966: India faced economic challenges, and the Rupee was devalued by almost 57% against the US Dollar, leading to a new exchange rate of 1 USD = 7.50 INR.

1975: The Rupee faced another devaluation, and the exchange rate changed to 1 USD = 8.39 INR. The country was grappling with high inflation and a growing trade deficit.

1991: India went through a severe balance of payments crisis, and the Rupee was once again devalued significantly. The exchange rate reached 1 USD = 17.50 INR. To stabilize the economy, the government initiated economic reforms and liberalization.

2000: The Rupee started to show signs of strength, and the exchange rate improved to 1 USD = 45.00 INR. This was a period of economic growth and increased foreign investments in the country.

2008: Amid the global financial crisis, the Indian Rupee experienced fluctuations. The exchange rate hovered around 1 USD = 48.83 INR during this period.

2014: The Rupee faced volatility due to various economic challenges, and the exchange rate stood at 1 USD = 61.05 INR.

2023: This Period India faced panedamic corona virus and various economic challenges, and the exchange rate now is at 1 USD = 82.26 INR.

The fluctuations in the exchange rate were influenced by several factors, including domestic economic policies, inflation, foreign investments, trade balances, global economic conditions, and geopolitical developments. India's economic trajectory has evolved over the years, and the Rupee's value against the US Dollar has been subject to market forces and government interventions.

It's important to note that exchange rates are dynamic and can fluctuate daily based on market conditions and economic events. The values mentioned above are based on historical data and are approximate.

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