Diamonds are the hardest naturally occurring substance. They are made of carbon, and in their crystal structure each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbon atoms. This strong bond gives diamonds their hardness and durability.
Diamonds form when carbon is subjected to extreme pressure and temperature deep in the Earth's crust. They are brought to the surface through volcanic eruptions.
Diamonds have been used in jewelry for centuries. Their hardness and luster make them a popular choice for jewellery. Diamonds are also used in industrial applications, such as cutting tools and abrasives.
Here are some additional facts about diamonds:
- Diamonds can be found in a wide range of colors, from colorless to yellow, brown and pink.
- Blue and red diamonds are the rarest and most valuable.
- The largest diamond in the world is Cullinan I, which weighs 530.2 carats. It was discovered in South Africa in 1905.
- The most expensive diamond is the Pink Star, which was sold at auction in Hong Kong in 2017 for $71.2 million.
- Diamonds are often used in engagement rings and wedding rings. They are considered a symbol of love and commitment.
Largest stock of diamonds: Russia
According to quantity:
- Russia has the largest reserves of diamonds, with approximately 650 million carats of diamonds, which accounts for 27% of the world's total diamond reserves.
- Diamonds in Russia are found mainly in the Mirny and Luchinsky mines in Siberia.
- Russia is also the third largest producer of diamonds, producing approximately 35 million carats of diamonds annually.
By price:
- Botswana has the largest reserves of diamonds, with approximately 220 million carats of diamonds, which accounts for 9% of the world's total diamond reserves.
- Diamonds in Botswana are mainly found in the Orapa, Letalhakane and Jwangeng mines.
- Botswana is the world's largest diamond producing country, producing approximately 36 million carats of diamonds annually.
Diamond reserves in other countries:
- Democratic Republic of the Congo: 150 million carats (6%)
- Australia: 130 million carats (5%)
- South Africa: 120 million carats (5%)
- Canada: 100 million carats (4%)
It is important to note:
- Diamond reserves can change over time, as new mines are discovered and old mines close.
- The quality of diamonds also varies, and higher quality diamonds are more valuable.
- India also has diamond reserves, but it is not one of the largest reserves in the world.
- Diamonds in India are mainly found in Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Jharkhand.
