On September 17th, 2023, Tamil Nadu commemorates the 144th death anniversary of one of its most revered social reformers, Periyar EV Ramasamy. Just two years ago, Tamil Nadu's Chief Minister, M K Stalin, declared this day as the 'Day of Social Justice' in honor of Periyar's birth anniversary. This article reflects on the life and legacy of Periyar, a prominent figure in the Dravidian movement, and explores how his principles of social justice, self-respect, rationalism, equality, and brotherhood continue to shape Tamil society and inspire generations.

Periyar's Ideology of Social Justice

Periyar EV Ramasamy, often referred to as 'Periyar,' was a visionary leader whose ideology centered around social justice. Chief Minister Stalin aptly described Periyar's principles as encompassing social justice, self-respect, rationalism, equality, and brotherhood. These values were not just theoretical concepts but actionable ideals that Periyar actively championed throughout his life.

One of Periyar's most significant contributions was his relentless advocacy for gender equality and the abolition of caste-based discrimination. He courageously challenged societal norms and worked tirelessly to dismantle the oppressive caste system that had plagued Tamil Nadu for centuries. To symbolize his commitment to this cause, Periyar even dropped his surname, 'Naicker,' which was a caste identifier. This act demonstrated his unwavering stance against caste discrimination and his determination to bring about change.

Periyar's Impact on Indian Constitution

Chief Minister Stalin highlighted another crucial aspect of Periyar's legacy, his instrumental role in the first amendment to the Indian Constitution. This amendment aimed to safeguard reservation rights for backward classes, ensuring that marginalized communities had a fair share of opportunities in education and employment. Remarkably, Periyar achieved this without even holding a seat in Parliament, underscoring his influence and determination.

Periyar's Early Life and Political Journey

Born on September 17, 1879, in Erode, Tamil Nadu, Periyar's journey as a social reformer and political leader was marked by remarkable dedication and unwavering commitment to his principles. He initially started his political career within the Congress party but soon realized that the party's ideology did not align with his vision for social justice.

In 1925, Periyar founded the Self-Respect Movement, a socio-political initiative that sought to promote self-respect among the Dravidian people. This movement was instrumental in the emergence of Tamil linguistic and land identities, helping to solidify the foundation of the Dravidian movement.

Subsequently, Periyar founded the Dravidar Kazhagam (DK), a political party that continued to champion the cause of social justice and self-respect. In 1949, his close associate, CN Annadurai, formed the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), the political party that currently governs Tamil Nadu. The DMK, with its roots in Periyar's principles, has played a pivotal role in shaping the state's political landscape.

Periyar's influence also extended beyond the DMK. MG Ramachandran, a prominent actor and politician, split from the DMK in the 1970s to form the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK). Despite the division, both major Dravidian parties continued to espouse Periyar's political stances, emphasizing the enduring impact of his ideology.

Periyar's Enduring Legacy

Periyar passed away on December 24, 1973, but his legacy continues to resonate in Tamil Nadu and beyond. His fearless fight against Brahminical dominance and his unwavering commitment to eradicating caste and gender inequalities remain a source of inspiration for social activists and political leaders alike.

Periyar's Self-Respect Movement and the Dravidar Kazhagam he founded are remembered and revered to this day. His contributions to the struggle for social justice have left an indelible mark on Tamil society. In recognition of his immense impact, Periyar's notable works have been translated into Hindi, making them accessible to a wider audience.

In 1978, the Indian government honored Periyar by issuing a postage stamp in his name. This gesture not only recognized his significant role in the social and political landscape but also underscored the importance of his ideas and principles in shaping a more just and equitable society.

As Tamil Nadu observes the 'Day of Social Justice' on September 17th, in memory of Periyar EV Ramasamy, it is an opportunity to reflect on the enduring legacy of a man who dedicated his life to the cause of social justice, equality, and self-respect. Periyar's unwavering commitment to eradicating caste-based discrimination and gender inequality continues to inspire generations of activists and leaders. His impact on Tamil Nadu's political landscape and his instrumental role in the first constitutional amendment act are testament to his enduring influence. Periyar's legacy reminds us that the pursuit of social justice is a collective responsibility and a path that leads to a more equitable and inclusive society for all.

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