According to new research in New York, some FDA-approved medications, such as those for type 2 diabetes, hepatitis C, and HIV, dramatically inhibit the capacity of the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 to reproduce in human cells.
According to the study published in the journal Communications Biology, the scientists discovered that these medications suppress particular viral enzymes called proteases that are required for SARS-CoV-2 replication in infected human cells.
"The SARS-CoV-2 vaccines target the spike protein, but this protein is under intense selection pressure and can undergo major mutations, as we've seen with Omicron," said Joyce Jose, assistant professor of biochemistry and molecular biology at Penn State.
"SARS-CoV-2 treatment medicines that target elements of the virus other than the spike protein that are less likely to develop are still needed urgently," Jose added.
Two SARS-CoV-2 enzymes, proteases Mpro and PLpro, have previously been identified as attractive targets for antiviral medication development. Paxlovid, a Covid-19 treatment from Pfizer, targets Mpro. According to Jose, these enzymes are very stable, therefore drug-resistant mutations are unlikely to arise quickly.
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