National Pollution Control Day is celebrated in memory of those who lost their lives in the Bhopal gas tragedy. To honour and remember those dead, every year this event is celebrated in the country on 2 December. The Bhopal gas tragedy was caused by leakage of toxic chemicals known as methyl isocyanate (MIC) as well as other chemicals from Union Carbide's chemical plant in the district on the night of 2 and 3 December 1984.

According to the report, more than 500,000 people (who died immediately around 2259) died due to leakage of toxic gas from the MIC. Later, it was announced by the Madhya Pradesh government that around 3,787 persons had died in connection with the gas tragedy. Around 8,000–10,000 people died in the next 72 hours, while around 25,000 people died due to diseases related to the gas tragedy. It became known as the biggest industrial pollution disaster in the whole world, for which serious preventive measures are needed to stay away from such disaster in future.

One of the major factors in celebrating National Pollution Control Day every year is the management and control of industrial disaster as well as the prevention of pollution of water, air and soil (caused by industrial processes or manual negligence). Many laws have been announced by the government to control and curb pollution seriously all over the world. National Pollution Control Day is observed every year on 2 December to make people and most industries aware to pay more attention to the need for pollution control acts.

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