The recent outbreak of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) in China has caused global concern, with cases reported in India and Malaysia as well. Here’s everything you need to know about HMPV, its symptoms, risks, prevention, and more, explained in an easy-to-read format.

What is Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV)?
 
Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory pathogen responsible for illnesses that range from mild colds to more severe conditions such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. The virus belongs to the Pneumoviridae, which includes the RSV OR Respiratory Syncytial Virus. It is most active during the colder months, particularly in late winter and early spring.

Why is HMPV in the News?

The virus grabbed headlines after reports of outbreaks in China, where hospitals were overwhelmed by respiratory infections attributed to influenza, rhinovirus, HMPV, and mycoplasma pneumonia. Similar outbreaks were reported in Malaysia, and India recently confirmed two cases involving infants in Bengaluru.

Is HMPV a New Virus?

No. HMPV was first identified in 2001, although studies suggest its presence for at least 60 years. It is globally recognized as a common respiratory pathogen.

Who is at Risk?

The severity of HMPV symptoms depends on the individual's age and health status-

Common Symptoms in Adults:

• Persistent cough
• Nasal congestion or runny nose
• Mild or moderate fever
• Fatigue and body aches
• Sore throat

Severe Symptoms:

• Shortness of breath
• Bronchiolitis
• Pneumonia

Symptoms in Children:

• Wheezing
• Breathlessness
• High fever
• Poor feeding and dehydration in infants

Who is at Risk?

The severity of HMPV symptoms depends on the individual's age and health status:

• Infants and Young Children: They are more likely to develop severe respiratory conditions like bronchiolitis.
• Older Adults: People aged 65 and above, particularly those with underlying health conditions like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), face elevated risks.
• Pregnant Women: Respiratory complications during infection can potentially impact both the mother and the unborn child.
• Immunocompromised Individuals: Those with weakened immune systems, such as cancer patients undergoing treatment, may experience more severe symptoms.

 How Does HMPV Spread?

HMPV is contagious and spreads through:

Respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing
Close contact with infected individuals
 
The HMPV-virus spreads basically through contact with contaminated surfaces. Touching these surfaces and then bringing hands to the face—especially the eyes, nose, or mouth—can facilitate infection.
Is There a Vaccine or Treatment?

There is no currently specific vaccine or antiviral medication for this virus. Care typically focuses on symptom relief and minimizing the risk of complications.
How Can HMPV Be Prevented?

Prevention strategies include:

• Regular hand-washing
• Wearing masks in crowded places
• Avoiding close contact with sick individuals
• Follow proper respiratory etiquette, such as covering the mouth when sneezing or coughing.
• Disinfecting commonly used surfaces

How Long Does HMPV Infection Last?

Severe cases may take longer to resolve, depending on the individual’s health condition.

Is HMPV Similar to COVID-19?

HMPV and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) share similarities:

• Both cause respiratory illnesses.
• Symptoms like cough, fever, and shortness of breath overlap.
• Both spread via droplets and contaminated surfaces.

However, unlike COVID-19, HMPV is seasonal and lacks a vaccine or targeted treatment.

Should India Be Worried About HMPV?
Health authorities in India have stated that the situation is under control, reassuring citizens of ongoing efforts to manage and monitor the virus effectively.
 
 While hospitals are prepared for respiratory outbreaks, general precautions remain crucial.