Morarji Desai was born in a Gujarati Anavil Brahmin family. His father's name is Ranchhodji Nagarji Desai and his mother's name is Vajiben Desai. He was born in Bhadeli village, Buxar district, Bombay Presidency, British India (now Valsad district, Gujarat, India), the eldest of eight children on February 29, 1896. His father was a school teacher.

Morarji Desai did his primary schooling at The Kundla School (now called JV Modi School), Savarkundla, and later joined Bai Ava Bai High School in Valsad. After graduating from Wilson College, Mumbai, he joined the civil service in Gujarat. Desai resigned as deputy collector of Godhra in May 1930 after being found guilty of diminishing Hindus during the 1927-28 riots.

Morarji Desai then joined the freedom struggle under Mahatma Gandhi and joined the civil disobedience movement against British rule in India. He spent many years in jail during the freedom struggle and due to his sharp leadership skills and hard spirit, he became a favorite among freedom fighters and a key leader of the Indian National Congress in the Gujarat region. When provincial elections were held in 1934 and 1937, Desai was elected and served as revenue minister and home minister of the Bombay Presidency.

Morarji Desai married Gujraben in 1911 at the age of 15. Gujraben had won to see her husband become prime minister, but he overtook him. He has a son, Kanti Desai, and the grandsons of Jagdeep and Bharat Desai. Madhukeshwar Desai, the son of one of his great-grandchildren, Jagdeep Desai, took it upon himself to revive the legacy of his magnificent great grandfather. Madhukeshwar Desai is currently the National Vice President of Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha, the youth wing of the BJP.  Bharat Desai's son Vishal Desai is a writer and filmmaker. Desai, a long-time practitioner of 'urine therapy,' told Dan Rather about the benefits of drinking alcohol on 60 minutes in 1978. The Prime Minister said that urinary therapy is the right medical solution for millions of Indians who cannot afford medical treatment.  On April 10, he bid farewell to the world.

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